Into residential
First, the research value of ancient Chinese houses
1,
Ethnic Chinese architect IM Pei language: Western Europe set the way of space in architecture under the tutelage of Japan, which set up the way of space in architecture under the tutelage of China.
Mention Chinese ancient buildings, most people first thought it is a model system of rigorous, ups and downs of space along the central axis of the Forbidden City; or those Avatamsaka written for Taoist temple, ancestral shrine.
But I think IM Pei talks about this space the way it is set mainly in China, among the ancient houses. Those thousands of years through natural selection of human wisdom and co-crystallization of the ancient houses made of almost architectural sense of the word can explain everything.
Thousands of years ago I have been for people to set out: a building being used is not Wai fit, but fit into the empty part of the Wai - This is what people today said space. I have been in that part of the original well-known American architect, one of the founders of modern architecture, Wright designed hanging in his room into. An academic education by the stereotypes produced by the architect to see a hand when he saw would not be the five hand-claws, but five of the four space between the hand claws.
Spatial structure of ancient Chinese houses a rich set means unusual, abnormal exciting, but also extremely clever; and almost all of the "rich" and "best" and "smart" are naturally exist: capitalize on the trend does not leak trace, logical, wonderful workmanship excelling nature. This space is a spatial configuration of modern architecture the way home one of the cornerstones of modern architecture for the generation and development of space has a supporting source of guidance.
2
Almost all of China's contemporary creative types are to trendy architects KPF, SOM and other design firms to imitate and learn modern architecture design approach, in fact, the source of KPF architectural design practices in Europe the traditional "houses," such as Europe, Pakistan Locke Construction, three-zone construction. Another funny phenomenon: When we work hard studying fashionable, modern way to design the new building, the landing of China's offshore design office is seeking to contain China's traditional culture of a building design practices. We pay tribute to foreign construction methods, when foreign architects are to pay tribute to China's traditional culture. Wait for them to "pay tribute to China's traditional culture" is a good job, we discussed this issue again later in their ass off back to our starting point should start early to re-run to catch up.
Have to say this is a very sad situation.
Modern fast-growing population requires the construction of urban living are required to height, span, large-scale development in various aspects such great strides, and this requires the use of new materials and new structural system: concrete, reinforced concrete, prestressed concrete, steel concrete, steel structure, membrane structures, cable structures, shell structures and so on. The dominant system of China's ancient buildings wooden structure system, it is difficult to reach a new building on the height, span, large-scale and other requirements.
It is true that wood structure has been gradually came into the vulnerable system, but the wooden structure under the various wonderful lifelike spatial form can still exist in the new building, timber-framed buildings of architectural proportion of scrutiny, scaling relations can still guide the image of the new building. The content and image of the temperament of space is a building soul.
3
Different regions of the natural conditions, customs, climate products, and different groups of their own beliefs, habits, sharing learning situation, determine the form of their houses with different characteristics. In other words, a variety of residential forms corresponding to their different nature of the external environment and internal needs.
Ancient economically more developed regions, the majority of Chinese ancient houses are particular about a certain feng shui. Aside has been exaggerated as part of superstition aside, construction (such as residential monomer), and construction planning (such as a village) concept of feng shui is translated into modern language: how rational use of land for immediate water resources, air resources, sun resources; how to get people to live as comfortable as possible to use the construction.
Most of the Chinese new building for their own external environment are not enough to respect, and some even brutally destroyed and trampled the Context of the external environment. As for the internal functional needs as well as space for the composition of residential solution simple and clever, far from being a lot of flashy modern architecture can be compared.
In China, many new buildings all call clamoring to become a landmark; As a result, your building height is 100 meters, I was 150 meters; you are using a high-level stone facade, I use high-grade steel nodes facade; Your stylish and sophisticated design technique, I'll more stylish than you are also more complex. Architectural Design becomes a fit of anger assertive or aggressive style, simplicity and rationality has been abandoned to the Cloud Nine.
Study dwellings, not just learn to set up the way of space and learn to respect the building external environment, and learn simple solution to building the internal functional needs; Another point is that we can bring the architectural design of contemporary restlessness rational thought, a quiet-oriented, until clean.
4
Dwellings is a heavy Nongmo traditional Chinese culture is one of many traditional cultures with the dilemma faced by the same: not being taken seriously, and slowly towards annihilation.
China has clearly failed to modern civilization, and if then brilliant civilizations of ancient accumulation of abandoned ignorance out, then the core of the whole nation will gradually drift of light, we, Chinese people will gradually become pale.
Alarming is that the status quo regardless of the construction industry is to build the design side or the side, almost all did not think we have a huge and lucrative residential resources. They are apt manner stylish design with the West to make an approach to construction make-up of skin, and then the face of architectural interior space, but do nothing, but no genius.
Architects were also only in the design of hollow write notes such as "people-oriented" words, but truly a "people-oriented" architecture instance, in China, the land of ancient primitive to makeup for thousands of years, and is being done is not to the "people-oriented" people's forgotten.
5
Ancient Chinese architects are not taken seriously the craftsmen, many well-known ancient Chinese architectural designer's name was never known to go down in history. In addition to specializing royal architecture Beijing "style of mine," because of the Qing government had closed other than to remember Guanjue were a large number of designers and even designed by the master of all nationality unknown.
Now times have changed: the bigger that can be universally recognized by the architect; smaller, said in Beijing, the first batch of private cars owned by the crowd, occupied a large part of the architect. Today, Beijing to open for one year the total construction area of the resumption of work, equivalent to the whole of Europe to open for one year the total return to work; architects have a lot of practical work to do. Architects as long as the hard work and luck, fame and wealth have assumed a posture to fingertips.
Is it the architect should also think about the shoulders of obligations?
I see only worthy of "architect" word only Liang Chinese architects, even during the war years, Mr Leung has not stopped China's ancient dwellings, as well as records of ancient Chinese architectural culture, and rescue work; him from the provisional capital of Departure went to visit Chongqing Dunhuang occasion, or even go through the occupied areas. He spent nine years and the collection of ancient buildings Tafang data footprint 196 remote counties and cities throughout China.
After the founding, in order to determine the architectural design of Beijing, a correct direction, he was planning to send; he was Peng Zhen, the mayor criticized.
Now the so-called masters of construction is too utilitarian, and they may consider themselves very academic, because they know what is garbage architecture. But only a few buildings designed building is a non-spam can not be called masters, the master must also be a huge contribution to the construction people.
Construction of several garbage can ruin a well-known street scenery and taste once.
Forgotten by generations of architects for the residential dwellings from China would allow the construction industry will vanish completely.
Second, China's broad outreach homes
1,
Ancient times riveting tenon wooden structure, and gradually developed into a unique timber-framed building system in China, and Europe (ancient Greece, ancient Egypt, ancient Rome, etc.) of the stone building which system wins the good at.
China built a wooden structure system, a large number of exquisite buildings: the palace, a temple altar, Tasha, residential.
2
Chinese timber-framed building system for neighboring countries, the contribution of architectural forms and the enormous impact: including Japan, Korea, Cambodia, Vietnam, Thailand and other ancient buildings were once deeply to learn some Chinese timber-framed building nutrition.
3
Ancient Chinese system of residential areas and the specific style is very large. To the north, Inner Mongolia, tents, west to Kashgar raw soil architecture, south to Xishuangbanna, dry à ?-style houses, east Jiangsu and Zhejiang's rivers and lakes, gardens, etc., coupled with the different residential forms of different regions can be regarded as a profound discipline of the .
(I say clearly where it inside out casually a system should be a thick book.)
4
Many elements of ancient Chinese houses are very literary title. For example railing called "beauty through."
The courtyard in Beijing, for example, a standard Old House's facade on the different components of the call are: kiss beast, brackets, Volume killing, Vatan, drip, pump wind, Osmanthus fragrans head, QT, painting, the amount of plaque, door hairpin, doornail, lattice grid ... ...
Third, the presence of features of ancient Chinese houses
1. The dominant form is the timber-framed houses: Chinese houses created a unique timber-framed building system, such as "brackets" the wood components, structure and decoration will be a perfect combination, which is contrast to today's proliferation of "interior decoration outdoor-oriented "design approach in particular, have to learn about sex.
2. The development and nature of species, like residential areas also reflects the adaptability of different environments:
Rain-rich regions of the top of the hill, rain-scarce areas of flat-topped. In the south, the steep hill has been turned into art Fenghuoshan exaggerated cornices and walls.
Hot and dry southern region à ?-type. Xishuangbanna dry à ?-style residential ventilation is very good, first floor overhead can be avoided and the ground floor of the wet floor, but also the pest control snake.
Tibet alpine region of the thick walls, small door small window. This is clearly in order to enhance the overall building insulation.
Fujian Tulou. Fujian generation, family-oriented concept, so people who have common ancestry and the pro-in the form of a family can be mixed on the first floor, external security can also be anti-riot.
Shaanxi Banpo house. Banpo room and less high, Wai together that can be security, but also the inflow of stormwater to ensure unique within the hospital, so-called "fertile water must not own fields." Shaanxi subject to geographical resource-poor impact of the economy is not developed, the general population is difficult to build more houses, to a room separate from the middle into two pieces, but also to facilitate subsequent separation.
Inner Mongolia's tent, Xinjiang yurt - the materials are easy to take cattle and sheep skins, but also to facilitate the migration of nomadic and mobile.
Kashgar rammed earth housing - a lack of wood and stone, they can only use sand as the main building material of the.
Lijiang mountain residential areas, Dali Bai houses - easily accessible materials are stone.
Cave in northern Shaanxi. The first is economic backwardness, playing cave to save money and create housing material saving; loess slope of the clay will not collapse after the opening hole to ensure livability. Cave Dongnuanxialiang.
Hunan's Diaojiaolou - easily accessible materials are wood, bamboo and so on.
3. Exchange of multi-ethnic study: for example, the palace of Tang and Song Dynasties indulge in plain, to the ethnic minorities to learn the Jin, the palace changed people today see the magnificent; including the habits, the Central Plains knelt Li Wing is also changed to learn from the results of ethnic minorities. White Tower White Pagoda Temple in Beijing, is Nepal's architectural works; And as lamin sum of the Lama Temple, then obviously the Han palace features. Bai residential three fake a screen wall, Tetraena five courtyards form and very similar with the Huizhou houses, etc..
4, led the formation of a complete residential system to create a model system. Beijing traditional courtyard house, Anhui Xi Yi of Huizhou houses (18 yards, 36 doors, 108 windows), Shanxi Pingyao Rishengchang ticket number, Qiao Jia Da Yuan; mountain village of Jin Dynasty were residential cefoxitin; Yunnan Xi Chau, Bai residential (3 imitate a screen wall, Tetraena five courtyards); Suzhou Humble Administrator's Garden, Lingering Garden and so has the formation of a mature and create their own system. Have done a lot of space very clever.
Fourth, China's ancient houses some of the "anti-seismic norms"
1, to close points.
In the earthquake-prone areas of the Tiananmen Square; Tibetan houses and temples; Lijiang mountain residential areas are a bottom-up up close points, the whole building like a ladder platform, so that the form is conducive to anti-seismic building. Of course, there is a sub-Tiananmen close visual design element, so that the Tiananmen Square looks even more tall than the actual results.
2, "the wall down house does not collapse."
China's unique structure makes riveting tenon construction with the foundation of the earth is not tightly, and riveting. When seismic forces encountered when the degree of bonding with the soft ground foundation construction will be swinging with the seismic forces, like tai chi-like homeopathic digestive seismic force - just as today's steel structure. In addition, as to maintain the role of the wall and the supporting structure of wood as a sub-frameworks built when the earthquake hit the wall collapsed, wooden frame to play tai chi, be able to "house does not fall down the wall", to a certain extent to ensure the safety of the resident population .
3, "good walls, such as tofu."
Dali, Yunnan, Hei Chau residential wall hand-slap fibrillation, as a huge tofu. This is also for the seismic force "consequent, cis-the" truth, not as today's concrete and seismic forces as tenacious fight. A rock bottom looks like a solid wall, but when the earthquake forces negligible, it is better as there is softness of the wall can effectively absorb the earthquake forces.
5, a variety of ancient dwellings
1, Shanxi Jin were residential. Datong Huayan Monastery, the small village, inhabited the ancient houses, ancient city of Pingyao, Qiao Jia Da Yuan.
2, Anhui, Hui-style homes. Shexian (Doosan Street, Tang Yue), Yi Xian (Xidi, Hongcun).
3, Yunnan homes. Dali, Bai Hei Chau residential, Lijiang Naxi mountain dwellings, Banna Jingpo dry à ?-style houses, Lahu houses, De'ang residential, Gengma Wa homes.
4, Hunan homes. Hunan Diaojiaolou: Deben, Phoenix.
5, Xinjiang homes. Kashgar rammed earth houses, Burqin Kamoku Tuvans Muban Fang, Taxkorgan Kazakh yurt, Turpan Ancient City of Gaochang, Weili Rob human village.
6, Inner Mongolia residence. Sai Khan Tara adobe houses, Xilin Gol Mongolian tent.
7, Tibet residence. Lama temples and palaces of Lhasa, Gyantse Old Town, Shannan Samye Monastery, Elizhada Guge ruins and Tuolin Si, Ali Pa Yang earth and stone room, Sakya Sakya teaching of flowers.
8, Kham houses. Kangding xinduqiao tower of public grassland lhakang, Inagi, and Aden.
9, Sichuan houses. Diaojiaolou Chongqing, Chongqing ciqikou Street, Mount Qingcheng bark room, Songpan residential areas, etc. All along the river towns, ghost towns, Feng Du.
10, Jiangnan homes. BU beach houses, Shaoxing Water Village, Zhouzhuang Water Village, Wuzhen residential, Jiangsu Tongli, Suzhou gardens.
11, Gansu homes. Dunhuang, Jiayuguan and so on.
12, Jiangxi homes. Wu-long residential areas.
13, Guizhou homes. Congjiang, Long Lane and so on.
14, Qinghai homes. Tuotuohe, Tar and so on.
15, Northwest homes. Cave in northern Shaanxi, Shanxi Banpo room, Hancheng residential neighborhoods, etc..
16, Beijing residence. Within the Second Ring courtyard, Shishahai courtyard so.
17, Shanghai residential. Shanghai alley.
Non-Ichiro 2003,03,25
Another:
Like to walk a friend interested in residential areas and can refer to and complement the above mentioned residential settlements.
I just scanned the 376 homes, including photographs and sketches. But still lack many things, such as Fujian Tulou, Shanghai Lanes, Hancheng residential, Wu-long residential dwellings as well as other parts of the information. Mix Here you sincerely solicit some information on the residential photos, give me this stuff to add the blood, as much as possible to perfect. In exchange I am willing to be my final this CD-ROM to provide information on anti-mailed a friend.
E-mail: fyl_fly@163.com
Picture Size: 300K more, not less than 1200 pixels long side.
Author: fylfeimi
